President of India

President of India is the head of the Union Executive.
President of India is also Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces

ation	Must be a citizen of India Completed 35 years of age Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha Must not hold any government post. Exceptions are: President and Vice-President Governor of any state Minister of Union State
Election	Indirectly elected through ‘Electoral College’ consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (No nominated members) Security deposit of Rs 15,000/- Supreme court inquires all disputes regarding President’s Election. Takes OATH in presence of Chief Justice of India, or in his absence, senior-most Judge of Supreme Court
Terms and Emoluments	5 year term Article 57 says that there is no upper limit on the number of times a person can become President Can give resignation to Vice-President before full-term Present Salary- Rs. 1,00,000/month (including allowances & emoluments)
Impeachment	Quasi-judicial procedure Can be impeached only on the ground of violation of constitution The impeachment procedure can be initiated in either House of the Parliament
Vacancy	In case of office falls vacant due to death, resignation or removal, the Vice-President act as President. It he is not available then Chief Justice, it not then senior-most Judge of the Supreme court shall act as the President of India The election is to be held within 6 months of the vacancy
Powers	Appoints PM, Ministers, Chief Justice & judge of Supreme Court & High Court, Chairman & members of UPSC, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney General, Chief Election Commissioner and other members of Election Commission of India, Governors, Members of Finance Commission, Ambassadors, etc Can summon & prorogue the sessions of the 2 houses & can dissolve Lok Sabha Appoints Finance Commission (after every 5 years) that recommends distribution of taxes between Union & State governments The President can promulgate 3 types of Emergencies:- National Emergency (Article 352) State Emergency (President’s Rule) (Article 356) Financial Emergency (Article 360) He is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India President appoints Chief of Army, Navy and Air force Declares wars & concludes peace subject to the approval of the Parliament No money bill or demand for grant can be introduced or moved in Parliament unless it has been recommended by the President He has the power to grant pardon, reprieve or remit of punishment or commute death sentences

Important Battles of Indian History

Important Battles of Indian History
BC
327-26	Alexander invades India. Defeats Porus in the Battle of Hydaspes (Jhelum) 326 BC
305	Chandragupta Maurya defeats the Greek King Seleucus.
216	The Kalinga War. Conquest of Kalinga by Ashoka.
c. 155	Menander's invasion of India
c. 90	The Saka invade India
AD
454	The first Huna invasion
495	The second Huna invasion
711-712	The Arab invasion of Sind under Mohammed-bin-Qasim
1000-27	Mahmud Ghazni invades India 17 times
1175-1206	Invasions of Muhammad Ghori. First Battle of Tarain. 1191 - Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeats Muhammad Ghori; Second Battle of Tarain, 1192 - Muhammad Ghori defeats Prithvi Chauhan; Battle of Chandawar, 1194 - Muhammad Ghori defeats Jayachandra Gahadvala of Kanauj.
1294	Alauddin Khilji invades the Yadava kingdom of Devagiri. The first Turkish invasion of the Deccan.
1398	Timur invades India. Defeats the Tughlaq Sultan Mahmud Shah; the Sack of Delhi
1526	Babur invades India and defeats the last Lodi Sultan Ibrahim Lohi in the first Battle of Panipat.
1539-40	Battles of Chusa or Ghaghra (1539) and Kanauj or Ganges (1540) in which Sher Shah defeats Humayun.
1545	Battle (siege) of kalinjar and death of Sher Shah Suri.
1556	Second Battle of Panipat. Akbar defeats Hemu.
1565	Battle of Rakatakshasi-Tangadi (Talikota) in which the forces of the empire of Vijanagar under King Sadasiva Raya and his regent Rama Raya are routed by the confederate forces of the Deccani states of Bijapur, Golkonda, Ahmadnagar, and Bidar.
1576	Battle of Haldighati, Akbar defeats Rana Pratap of Mewar.
1632-33	Conquest of Ahmadnagar by Shah Jahan.
1658	Battles of Dharmat (April-May 1658) and Samugarh (June 8, 1658). Dara Shikoh, elest son of Shah Jahan, defeated by Aurangzeb.
1665	Shivaji defeated by Raja Jai Singh and Treaty of Purandhar.
1739	Invasion of India by Nadir Shah.
1746	First Carnatic War.
1748-54	Second Carnatic War.
1756-63	Third Carnatic War.
1757	Battle of Plassey. Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, defeated by Clive.
1760	Battle of Wandiwash, in which the English under Sir Eyre Coote defeated the French under Lally.
1762	Third Battle of Panipat. Marathas defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali.
1764	Battle of Buxar. The English (under Munro) defeated Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Bengal and Nawab Shuja-ud-daulah of Awadh.
1767-69	First Mysore War.
1774	The Rohilla War between the Rohillas and the Nawab of Awadh supported by the East India Company.
1775-82	First Maratha War
1780-82	Maratha War
1780-84	Second Mysore War
1792	Third Mysore War
1799	Fourth Mysore War, Defeat and death of Tipu Sultan
1802-04	Second Maratha War
1817-18	Third Maratha War
1845-46	first Sikh War
1846	Battle of Aliwal between the English and the Sikhs. The Sikhs were defeated.
1848-49	Second Sikh war and annexation of the Punjab to British India.
1857	The Revolt of 1857 (The First War of Indian Independence)

Major Earthquakes around the World, 2012

Monster! 6.4 EARTHQUAKE Just Struck PHILIPPINES

Date	Location	Magnitude 1
Jan. 11	Sumatra, Indonesia	7.2
Feb. 2	Vanuatu	7.1
March 20	Ometepec, Mexico	7.4
March 25	Talca, Chile	7.1
April 11	Aceh Province, Indonesia	8.6
April 11	Aceh Province, Indonesia	8.2
April 12	Baja California, Mexico	7.0
May 21	Northern Italy	6.0

Railway Budget 2012-13

Railway Budget 2012-13 at a Glance

• Highest Ever Plan Outlay of Rs.60,000 crore
• 75 New Express Trains, 21 new Passenger Services, 9 DEMU and 8 MEMU services
• 137 Services New Sub-Urban Services to Come up in Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata
• 725 km New Lines to be Introduced
• A Green Train and 200 Green Energy Stations Proposed
• Special Coaches for Differently- Abled Persons
• Emphasis on Infrastrucurure Development – 5 Focus Aras Identified
• 19000 km Rail Tracks to BE Modernised
• Mission-mode approach for rail modernisation
• Minor incrase in passanger fares
• A slew of passenger amentieis being introduced.
• The Railway Budget presented by Minister of Railways Shri Dinesh Trivedi in Parliament today seeks to raise investment in modernization and upgradation of rail infrastructure. 

current affairs

RBI cuts CRR by 0.25%; Repo rates unchanged

Current Affairs

India’s Saina Nehwal win Denmark Open Badminton Title

Yash Chopra, the ‘King of Romance’ passes away

Asian junior gold medallist Anaka Alankamony on 21st October 2012 claimed her second title and first one abroad in the women’s professional squash tour when she beaten the top seed Kylie Lindsay of New Zealand in the final of the Ipswich Open in Queensland.

Narendra Kumar the IPS officer who was brutally killed by illegal mining mafia in Madhya Pradesh and many other Security Personnel who had laid down their life for fighting against Maoists and anti Social element on 21 October 2012 were awarded with Singham Bravery Awards.

First in India happenings

The first President of Indian Republic	Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India	Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize	Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress	W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress	Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India	Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India	Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal	Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India	Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India	Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India	C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India	James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S	Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space	Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term	Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India	General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff	Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council	S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office	Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic	Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament	Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India	S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics	C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel	Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award	Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha	Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister	Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India	Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal	S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief	Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice	Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen	Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra	Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner	Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award	Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine	Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India	Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize	Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet	Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics	Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court	Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot	J.R.D. Tata (1929)

 to have more knowledge just visit http://www.facts-about-india.com/First-in-India.php

12 Schedules In Our Constitution

First Schedule -the lists the states and territories of India, lists any changes to their borders and the laws used to make that change.

Second Schedule-Salary of President, Governors, Chief Judges, Judges of High Court and Supreme court, Comptroller and Auditor General

Third Schedule-Forms of Oaths and affirmations

Fourth Schedule  -Allocate seats for each state of India in Rajya Sabha

Fifth Schedule- Administration and control of scheduled areas and tribes.

Sixth Schedule-Provisions for administration of Tribal Area in Asom, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram & Arunachal Pradesh.


Seventh Schedule  -Gives allocation of powers and functions between Union & States. It contains 3 lists

    Union List (For central Govt) 97 Subjects.
    States List (Powers of State Govt) 66 subjects
    Concurrent List (Both Union & States) 47 subjects.
 
Eighth Schedule-  List of 22 languages of India recognized by Constitution
    1. Assamese     2. Bengali     3. Gujarati
    4. Hindi     5. Kannada        6. Kashmiri
    7. Manipuri        8. Malayalam     9. Konkani
    10. Marathi     11. Nepali        12. Oriya
    13. Punjabi        14. Sanskrit     15. Sindhi
    16. Tamil     17. Telegu        18. Urdu
    19. Santhali    20. Bodo     21. Maithili   
    22. Dogri
    Sindhi was added in 1967 by 21 Amendment
    Konkani, Manipuri ad Nepali were added in 1992 by 71 amendment Santhali, Maithili, Bodo and Dogri were added in 2003 by 92 amendment

Ninth Schedule-
Added by Ist amendment in 1951. Contains acts & orders related to land tenure, land tax, railways, industries.{Right of property not a fundamental right now}  .

Tenth Schedule 
Added by 52nd amendment in 1985. Contains provisions of disqualification of grounds of defection 

Eleventh Schedule 
By 73rd amendment in 1992. Contains provisions of Panchayati Raj. 

Twelfth Schedule
By 74thamendment in 1992. Contains provisions of Municipal Corporation.

Add to your knowledge

Altimeter :- Instrument for measuring height
Demagogue :- False leader of people
Anthropology :- Study of human beings
Aqueduct :- Passageway for conducting water
Archaeology :- Study of antiquities (study of first things)
Astronomy :- Study of the stars
Autobiography :- Story of one's own life
Bibliophile :- Lover of books
Biography :- writing about a person's life
Antecedent :- That which goes before process , go farward
Chronology :- Timetable of events
Fratricide :- Killing of a brother
Claustrophobia :- Fear of close places
Agnostic :- Lacking knowledge , Skeptical
Incognito :- Traveling under assumed name
Curator :- Person who has the care of something
Sinecure :- Position without responsibility
Dermatology :- Study of skin and its disorders
Misanthrope :- Person who hates mankind
Misogynist :- Person who hates women
Polyglot :- Speaking several languages
Syllogism :- Explanation of how ideas relate
Matriarch :- Female ruler of a family , group , or state
Pathology :- Study of diseased tissue
Pedagogue :- Teacher of children
Pediatrician :- Children's doctor
Psychology :- Study of the mind
Periscope :- Device for seeing around corners
Nonswquitar :- Something that does not follow logically
Portable :- Able to be carried
Legible :- Able to be read
Somnambulistic-pertaining to sleepwalking
insomnious-unable to fall asleep

Nobel Prize 2012

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012

Serge Haroche, David J. Wineland

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems "

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 

Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"

 

The Prize in Economic Sciences 

 

Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"

 

The Nobel Prize in Literature

Mo Yan "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary"

 

The Nobel Peace Prize
European Union (EU) "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe"

 

 

 

Current Affairs 20 oct 2012

Bangladesh honours fifty-two Indians
India & Pakistan may introduce a common currency called “Papee”

Asian junior gold medallist Anaka Alankamony on 21st October 2012 claimed her second title and first one abroad in the women’s professional squash tour when she beaten the top seed Kylie Lindsay of New Zealand in the final of the Ipswich Open in Queensland.

Persons in News

Hyderabad based lawyer Mr.JLN Murthy has been appointed to the Vice-Chairman of the AmericanBar Association Section of International Law, Europe Committee, for the year 2012-13.

Sushil Kumar Shinde as the new Leader in house of Lok Sabha

Syed Nasim Ahmad Zaidi was 7 August 2012, appointed an election commissioner by President Pranab Mukherjee.

Raghuram Rajan is chief economic advisor.

 

Hamid Ansari became the second Vice-President of India to take oath of office for second consecutive terms in New Delhi

Sanjay Reddy, appointed as the director of new York University’s Centre.

19 October 2012 Current Affairs

Vijay Kumar honoured with ‘Services Best Sportsman"

Five New Non-Permanent Member Countries Elected to UN Security Council.
The New Members are South Korea, Luxembourg, Argentina, Australia and Rwanda.

The much awaited Aadhaar enabled system for direct cash transfer to beneficiaries under social schemes such as MNREGA and pension will be launched on 19th October 2012 by PM Manmohan Singh at Dudu, Rajasthan.

"The Folded Earth" written by Anuradha Roy and "A Free Man" by Aman Sethi won the 11th Economist Crossword Book Award that was declared at Mumbai.

First-ever India Biodiversity Awards presented

South Korea to host next UN biodiversity meet in 2014--announced in Hyderabad

India, New Zealand sign five pacts to cooperate in field of education

India, Switzerland to cooperate in Transport sector.

current affairs of 18th 0ctober 2012

Cabinet clears Rs 8,000cr missile purchase for armed forces


Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)-cleared for procuring around 10,000 ‘Invar’ missiles from Russia for the Army’s T-90 tanks and over 200 air-launched versions of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles for the IAF.

India and Australia Sign Four Agreements of Cooperation -in security and Defence including fight against terrorism .They also agreed to begin negotiations for an agreement on Civil Nuclear Energy Co-operation which will precede actual cooperation. Both the countries also signed four agreements in the field of space science technology and education, co-operation in student mobility and welfare, skill development and textiles.


After 40 years, Myanmar’s Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi will travel to India on November 13.

44 people were killed in air strikes on the Syrian rebel-held town of Maaret al-Numan .

Steven Joyce, Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills and Employment, New Zealand visited the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), New Delhi

Union Cabinet on 18th October 2012 cleared Rs 4,000-crore joint action plan for tackling Japanese Encephalitis.

Asia Co-operation Dialogue Summit held in Kuwait.Leaders from 32 countries pledged to focus on key areas

EU support for Darjeeling tea.

updates of 17 oct 2012

New planet discovered in Earth’s backyard----called exoplanet in Alpha Centauri

IOC (Indian Oil Corporation) signs memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Korea Gas--for jointly exploring opportunities in exploration of oil and gas and LNG business.

Bandya Kakade, former India football goalkeeper, passed away on 18th October 2012 evening.

Kakade and Kuppuswami Sampath (MEG, Bangalore) were the two goalkeepers---Indian team that won the bronze medal at the 1970 Bangkok Asian Games


Union Power Ministry gave its Nod to Implement Islanding Scheme in Delhi--by January 2013 to protect it from massive disruptions caused due to grid failures in power supply.

Increase your knowledge

This blog is there to update you about the latest events taking place in the world .

Updates of 17, October 2012

Sachin Tendulkar to be made member of Order of Australia

Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard made the announcement on 16th October 2012 that the first Indian sportsperson to be conferred with the Membership of the Order of Australia, an honour “rarely” bestowed on non-Australians.

Hyderabad’s last Nizam named all-time richest Indian

Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam (or ruler) of Hyderabad is India’s all-time richest person.According to a new inflation-adjusted list of the world’s richest people of all time, the Nizam, who ruled Hyderabad between 1886-1967, was ranked sixth with $ 236 billion.

Jaspal Rana appointed junior pistol chief coach

Multiple Asian Games gold medallist, Jaspal Rana, has been appointed chief coach for junior pistol shooters by the National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) on 16th October 2012.

Supreme Court lifts ban on tourism in core areas of tiger reserves

The Supreme Court allowed tourism in at least 20 per cent of what is known as core areas of tiger sanctuaries on 16th October 2012.

Vikram Pandit, the CEO of Citigroup Inc resigned

Vikram Pandit, the CEO of Citigroup Inc. the words largest financial service network, resigned from his post on 16 October 2012 a day after the company reported its earnings in Q3 to be stronger than that expected.

British Writer Hilary Mantel won Booker Prize for Second Time.

British Writer Hilary Mantel on 16 October 2012 won the prestigious literary prize, the Booker Prize for her novel "Bring up the Bodies," the second in a historical trilogy set during the reign of King Henry VIII

Land Acquisition Bill Cleared By Group of Ministers (GoM)

The Land Acquisition Bill was cleared on 16 October 2012 by a Group of Ministers (GoM) headed by Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar. It is going to be presented to the Cabinet this month

Civil Aviation Ministry announced omission of Airport Development Fee from January 2013

 

The Civil Aviation Ministry on 16 October 2012 announced to abolish the airport development fee on Delhi and Mumbai Airports, from January 2013 .